RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator<\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n:root {\r\n --bg: #000000; \/* Main background - pure black *\/\r\n --panel: #1a1a1a; \/* Card\/panel background - very dark gray *\/\r\n --ink: #f5f5f5; \/* Main text - almost white *\/\r\n --muted: #b0b0b0; \/* Secondary text - light gray *\/\r\n --accent: #dcdcdc; \/* Buttons \/ highlight - light gray *\/\r\n --accent-2: #ffffff; \/* Links \/ summary - white *\/\r\n --danger: #ff4d4d; \/* Error message - soft red *\/\r\n --radius: 16px; \/* Corner rounding *\/\r\n --shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.6); \/* Card shadow *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n * { box-sizing: border-box; }\r\n body {\r\n margin: 0; font-family: Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, \"Apple Color Emoji\", \"Segoe UI Emoji\";\r\n background: radial-gradient(1200px 800px at 80% -10%, rgba(77,163,255,.15), transparent), var(--bg);\r\n color: var(--ink);\r\n line-height: 1.5;\r\n }\r\n header {\r\n padding: 32px 20px 10px; text-align: center;\r\n }\r\n h1 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.5vw, 2.2rem); margin: 0; letter-spacing: .3px; }\r\n .sub { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 8px; font-size: .98rem; }\r\n\r\n main { max-width: 1000px; margin: 24px auto 60px; padding: 0 16px; }\r\n\r\n .grid { display: grid; gap: 18px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\r\n @media (min-width: 880px) { .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }\r\n\r\n .card {\r\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,.04), rgba(255,255,255,.01));\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);\r\n border-radius: var(--radius);\r\n box-shadow: var(--shadow);\r\n padding: 18px;\r\n }\r\n .card h2 { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }\r\n .hint { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; }\r\n\r\n .row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 140px; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin: 12px 0; }\r\n .row > label { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; }\r\n\r\n input[type=\"number\"], select, button, input[type=\"text\"] {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n background: #0e1727;\r\n color: var(--ink);\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);\r\n border-radius: 12px;\r\n padding: 10px 12px;\r\n font-size: 1rem;\r\n outline: none;\r\n }\r\n input[type=\"number\"]:focus, select:focus, input[type=\"text\"]:focus { border-color: var(--accent); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(77,163,255,.18); }\r\n\r\n .result {\r\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-top: 10px;\r\n }\r\n .result input { font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .3px; }\r\n .copy { width: auto; padding: 10px 14px; cursor: pointer; background: var(--accent); border-color: transparent; color: #041020; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .copy:active { transform: translateY(1px); }\r\n\r\n .toggle {\r\n display: inline-flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; background: #0e1727; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); border-radius: 999px; padding: 6px; margin: 6px 0 4px;\r\n }\r\n .toggle button { flex: 1; background: transparent; border: 0; color: var(--muted); padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 999px; cursor: pointer; }\r\n .toggle button[aria-pressed=\"true\"] { color: #041020; background: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }\r\n\r\n details { margin-top: 10px; }\r\n summary { cursor: pointer; color: var(--accent-2); font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n .error { color: var(--danger); font-size: .92rem; min-height: 1.2em; }\r\n\r\n .about { margin-top: 26px; }\r\n .about .card { padding: 20px; }\r\n code, kbd { background: rgba(255,255,255,.06); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); border-radius: 6px; padding: 1px 6px; }\r\n ul { margin: .2rem 0 .2rem 1.2rem; }\r\n footer { text-align: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; margin: 40px 0 20px; }\r\n a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n <header>\r\n <h1>RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator<\/h1>\r\n <div class=\"sub\">For sinusoidal signals by default. Optionally set a custom crest factor for other waveforms.<\/div>\r\n <\/header>\r\n\r\n <main>\r\n <section class=\"grid\">\r\n \r\n <div class=\"card\" id=\"rmsCard\">\r\n <h2>RMS \u2192 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak<\/h2>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Enter RMS voltage. Choose unit and precision.<\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"rmsValue\">RMS Voltage<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"rmsValue\" placeholder=\"e.g., 2.5\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"rmsUnit\">Unit<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"rmsUnit\">\r\n <option value=\"V\">V<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"mV\">mV<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"rmsPrecision\">Decimals<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"rmsPrecision\">\r\n <option>2<\/option>\r\n <option>3<\/option>\r\n <option selected>4<\/option>\r\n <option>5<\/option>\r\n <option>6<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Waveform\">\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"rmsSine\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Sine (CF=\u221a2)<\/button>\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"rmsCustom\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Custom CF<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\" id=\"rmsCrestRow\" hidden>\r\n <label for=\"rmsCrest\">Crest Factor<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"rmsCrest\" placeholder=\"e.g., 1.4142\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"error\" id=\"rmsError\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"result\">\r\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"vppFromRms\" readonly placeholder=\"Vpp result\" \/>\r\n <button class=\"copy\" data-copy=\"vppFromRms\" title=\"Copy result\">Copy<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Equation<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">\r\n For a sine wave: <code>Vpp = 2\u221a2 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>. For a waveform with crest factor CF (<code>CF = Vp\/Vrms<\/code>): <code>Vpp = 2 \u00b7 CF \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n \r\n <div class=\"card\" id=\"vppCard\">\r\n <h2>Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak \u2192 RMS<\/h2>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Enter peak\u2011to\u2011peak voltage. Choose unit and precision.<\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"vppValue\">Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"vppValue\" placeholder=\"e.g., 5\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"vppUnit\">Unit<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"vppUnit\">\r\n <option value=\"V\">V<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"mV\">mV<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"vppPrecision\">Decimals<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"vppPrecision\">\r\n <option>2<\/option>\r\n <option>3<\/option>\r\n <option selected>4<\/option>\r\n <option>5<\/option>\r\n <option>6<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Waveform\">\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"vppSine\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Sine (CF=\u221a2)<\/button>\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"vppCustom\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Custom CF<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\" id=\"vppCrestRow\" hidden>\r\n <label for=\"vppCrest\">Crest Factor<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"vppCrest\" placeholder=\"e.g., 1.4142\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"error\" id=\"vppError\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"result\">\r\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"rmsFromVpp\" readonly placeholder=\"RMS result\" \/>\r\n <button class=\"copy\" data-copy=\"rmsFromVpp\" title=\"Copy result\">Copy<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Equation<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">\r\n For a sine wave: <code>Vrms = Vpp \/ (2\u221a2)<\/code>. For a waveform with crest factor CF: <code>Vrms = Vpp \/ (2 \u00b7 CF)<\/code>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <section class=\"about\">\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h2>About RMS and Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak<\/h2>\r\n <p><strong>RMS (root\u2011mean\u2011square)<\/strong> voltage is the DC\u2011equivalent value of an AC waveform in terms of delivered power to a resistive load. For a pure sine wave, <code>Vrms = Vp\/\u221a2<\/code>, where <code>Vp<\/code> is the peak amplitude.<\/p>\r\n <p><strong>Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak (Vpp)<\/strong> is the voltage difference between the most positive and most negative points of the waveform. For a sine wave, <code>Vpp = 2 \u00b7 Vp<\/code>.<\/p>\r\n <p>The link between RMS and Vpp depends on the <strong>crest factor<\/strong> (<code>CF = Vp\/Vrms<\/code>). A sine wave has <code>CF = \u221a2 \u2248 1.4142<\/code>, yielding <code>Vpp = 2\u221a2 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code> and <code>Vrms = Vpp\/(2\u221a2)<\/code>. Non\u2011sinusoidal waveforms (e.g., square, triangle, pulses) have different CF values; use the custom crest\u2011factor option when needed.<\/p>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Square wave (50% duty): <code>CF = 1<\/code> \u21d2 <code>Vpp = 2 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>.<\/li>\r\n <li>Triangle wave: <code>CF = \u221a3 \u2248 1.732<\/code> \u21d2 <code>Vpp = 2\u221a3 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>.<\/li>\r\n <li>Pulse trains can have much larger CF depending on duty cycle.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <p class=\"hint\">Note: Negative entries are not meaningful for RMS or Vpp. Units are handled automatically (V or mV).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <footer>Built for engineering calculations \u2022 No external libraries \u2022 Paste into a WordPress <em>Custom HTML<\/em> block<\/footer>\r\n <\/main>\r\n\r\n <script>\r\n (function(){\r\n const $ = (id) => document.getElementById(id);\r\n const setAria = (a, b) => { a.setAttribute('aria-pressed', 'true'); b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', 'false'); };\r\n\r\n const RMS_DEFAULT_CF = Math.SQRT2; \/\/ ~1.41421356237\r\n\r\n function unitToScale(unit){ return unit === 'mV' ? 1e-3 : 1; }\r\n\r\n function formatNumber(x, decimals){\r\n if (!isFinite(x)) return '';\r\n \/\/ Keep a clean string without trailing zeros if possible\r\n const s = x.toFixed(parseInt(decimals,10));\r\n \/\/ Trim trailing zeros while keeping at least 2 decimals readability\r\n return s.replace(\/\\.0+$\/, '').replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/, '$1');\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/\/ RMS \u2192 Vpp elements\r\n const rmsValue = $('rmsValue');\r\n const rmsUnit = $('rmsUnit');\r\n const rmsPrecision = $('rmsPrecision');\r\n const rmsSineBtn = $('rmsSine');\r\n const rmsCustomBtn = $('rmsCustom');\r\n const rmsCrestRow = $('rmsCrestRow');\r\n const rmsCrest = $('rmsCrest');\r\n const rmsError = $('rmsError');\r\n const vppFromRms = $('vppFromRms');\r\n\r\n \/\/ Vpp \u2192 RMS elements\r\n const vppValue = $('vppValue');\r\n const vppUnit = $('vppUnit');\r\n const vppPrecision = $('vppPrecision');\r\n const vppSineBtn = $('vppSine');\r\n const vppCustomBtn = $('vppCustom');\r\n const vppCrestRow = $('vppCrestRow');\r\n const vppCrest = $('vppCrest');\r\n const vppError = $('vppError');\r\n const rmsFromVpp = $('rmsFromVpp');\r\n\r\n \/\/ Toggle behaviors\r\n rmsSineBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(rmsSineBtn, rmsCustomBtn); rmsCrestRow.hidden = true; computeRmsToVpp(); });\r\n rmsCustomBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(rmsCustomBtn, rmsSineBtn); rmsCrestRow.hidden = false; computeRmsToVpp(); });\r\n\r\n vppSineBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(vppSineBtn, vppCustomBtn); vppCrestRow.hidden = true; computeVppToRms(); });\r\n vppCustomBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(vppCustomBtn, vppSineBtn); vppCrestRow.hidden = false; computeVppToRms(); });\r\n\r\n \/\/ Copy buttons\r\n document.body.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\r\n const btn = e.target.closest('button.copy');\r\n if (!btn) return;\r\n const target = $(btn.dataset.copy);\r\n if (!target) return;\r\n target.select();\r\n target.setSelectionRange(0, target.value.length);\r\n document.execCommand('copy');\r\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\r\n setTimeout(() => btn.textContent = 'Copy', 1200);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/\/ Compute functions\r\n function getCF(isSine, crestInput){\r\n if (isSine) return RMS_DEFAULT_CF;\r\n const cf = parseFloat(crestInput.value);\r\n if (!isFinite(cf) || cf <= 0) return NaN;\r\n return cf;\r\n }\r\n\r\n function computeRmsToVpp(){\r\n const val = parseFloat(rmsValue.value);\r\n const scale = unitToScale(rmsUnit.value);\r\n const decimals = rmsPrecision.value;\r\n const isSine = rmsSineBtn.getAttribute('aria-pressed') === 'true';\r\n const cf = getCF(isSine, rmsCrest);\r\n\r\n rmsError.textContent = '';\r\n vppFromRms.value = '';\r\n\r\n if (!isFinite(val)) return; \/\/ allow empty\r\n if (val < 0) { rmsError.textContent = 'RMS voltage cannot be negative.'; return; }\r\n if (!isSine && !isFinite(cf)) { rmsError.textContent = 'Enter a valid crest factor (> 0).'; return; }\r\n\r\n const Vrms = val * scale; \/\/ to volts\r\n const Vpp = 2 * (isSine ? RMS_DEFAULT_CF : cf) * Vrms;\r\n\r\n \/\/ Display result in the same unit as input by default\r\n const outScale = unitToScale(rmsUnit.value);\r\n const out = Vpp \/ outScale;\r\n vppFromRms.value = formatNumber(out, decimals) + ' ' + rmsUnit.value;\r\n }\r\n\r\n function computeVppToRms(){\r\n const val = parseFloat(vppValue.value);\r\n const scale = unitToScale(vppUnit.value);\r\n const decimals = vppPrecision.value;\r\n const isSine = vppSineBtn.getAttribute('aria-pressed') === 'true';\r\n const cf = getCF(isSine, vppCrest);\r\n\r\n vppError.textContent = '';\r\n rmsFromVpp.value = '';\r\n\r\n if (!isFinite(val)) return; \/\/ allow empty\r\n if (val < 0) { vppError.textContent = 'Peak\u2011to\u2011peak cannot be negative.'; return; }\r\n if (!isSine && !isFinite(cf)) { vppError.textContent = 'Enter a valid crest factor (> 0).'; return; }\r\n\r\n const Vpp = val * scale; \/\/ to volts\r\n const Vrms = Vpp \/ (2 * (isSine ? RMS_DEFAULT_CF : cf));\r\n\r\n const outScale = unitToScale(vppUnit.value);\r\n const out = Vrms \/ outScale;\r\n rmsFromVpp.value = formatNumber(out, decimals) + ' ' + vppUnit.value;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/\/ Wire inputs\r\n [rmsValue, rmsUnit, rmsPrecision, rmsCrest].forEach(el => el.addEventListener('input', computeRmsToVpp));\r\n [vppValue, vppUnit, vppPrecision, vppCrest].forEach(el => el.addEventListener('input', computeVppToRms));\r\n\r\n \/\/ Initialize\r\n computeRmsToVpp();\r\n computeVppToRms();\r\n })();\r\n <\/script>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator For sinusoidal signals by default. Optionally set a custom crest factor for other waveforms. RMS \u2192 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Enter RMS voltage. Choose unit and precision. RMS Voltage Unit VmV Decimals 23456 Sine (CF=\u221a2) Custom CF Crest Factor Copy Equation For a sine wave: Vpp = 2\u221a2 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2222","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2222\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n \r\n RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator<\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n:root {\r\n --bg: #000000; \/* Main background - pure black *\/\r\n --panel: #1a1a1a; \/* Card\/panel background - very dark gray *\/\r\n --ink: #f5f5f5; \/* Main text - almost white *\/\r\n --muted: #b0b0b0; \/* Secondary text - light gray *\/\r\n --accent: #dcdcdc; \/* Buttons \/ highlight - light gray *\/\r\n --accent-2: #ffffff; \/* Links \/ summary - white *\/\r\n --danger: #ff4d4d; \/* Error message - soft red *\/\r\n --radius: 16px; \/* Corner rounding *\/\r\n --shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.6); \/* Card shadow *\/\r\n}\r\n\r\n * { box-sizing: border-box; }\r\n body {\r\n margin: 0; font-family: Inter, system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, \"Apple Color Emoji\", \"Segoe UI Emoji\";\r\n background: radial-gradient(1200px 800px at 80% -10%, rgba(77,163,255,.15), transparent), var(--bg);\r\n color: var(--ink);\r\n line-height: 1.5;\r\n }\r\n header {\r\n padding: 32px 20px 10px; text-align: center;\r\n }\r\n h1 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.5vw, 2.2rem); margin: 0; letter-spacing: .3px; }\r\n .sub { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 8px; font-size: .98rem; }\r\n\r\n main { max-width: 1000px; margin: 24px auto 60px; padding: 0 16px; }\r\n\r\n .grid { display: grid; gap: 18px; grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\r\n @media (min-width: 880px) { .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }\r\n\r\n .card {\r\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,.04), rgba(255,255,255,.01));\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);\r\n border-radius: var(--radius);\r\n box-shadow: var(--shadow);\r\n padding: 18px;\r\n }\r\n .card h2 { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 1.1rem; }\r\n .hint { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; }\r\n\r\n .row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 140px; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin: 12px 0; }\r\n .row > label { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; }\r\n\r\n input[type=\"number\"], select, button, input[type=\"text\"] {\r\n width: 100%;\r\n background: #0e1727;\r\n color: var(--ink);\r\n border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);\r\n border-radius: 12px;\r\n padding: 10px 12px;\r\n font-size: 1rem;\r\n outline: none;\r\n }\r\n input[type=\"number\"]:focus, select:focus, input[type=\"text\"]:focus { border-color: var(--accent); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(77,163,255,.18); }\r\n\r\n .result {\r\n display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-top: 10px;\r\n }\r\n .result input { font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .3px; }\r\n .copy { width: auto; padding: 10px 14px; cursor: pointer; background: var(--accent); border-color: transparent; color: #041020; font-weight: 700; }\r\n .copy:active { transform: translateY(1px); }\r\n\r\n .toggle {\r\n display: inline-flex; gap: 6px; align-items: center; background: #0e1727; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); border-radius: 999px; padding: 6px; margin: 6px 0 4px;\r\n }\r\n .toggle button { flex: 1; background: transparent; border: 0; color: var(--muted); padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 999px; cursor: pointer; }\r\n .toggle button[aria-pressed=\"true\"] { color: #041020; background: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }\r\n\r\n details { margin-top: 10px; }\r\n summary { cursor: pointer; color: var(--accent-2); font-weight: 600; }\r\n\r\n .error { color: var(--danger); font-size: .92rem; min-height: 1.2em; }\r\n\r\n .about { margin-top: 26px; }\r\n .about .card { padding: 20px; }\r\n code, kbd { background: rgba(255,255,255,.06); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); border-radius: 6px; padding: 1px 6px; }\r\n ul { margin: .2rem 0 .2rem 1.2rem; }\r\n footer { text-align: center; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; margin: 40px 0 20px; }\r\n a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n <header>\r\n <h1>RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator<\/h1>\r\n <div class=\"sub\">For sinusoidal signals by default. Optionally set a custom crest factor for other waveforms.<\/div>\r\n <\/header>\r\n\r\n <main>\r\n <section class=\"grid\">\r\n \r\n <div class=\"card\" id=\"rmsCard\">\r\n <h2>RMS \u2192 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak<\/h2>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Enter RMS voltage. Choose unit and precision.<\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"rmsValue\">RMS Voltage<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"rmsValue\" placeholder=\"e.g., 2.5\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"rmsUnit\">Unit<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"rmsUnit\">\r\n <option value=\"V\">V<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"mV\">mV<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"rmsPrecision\">Decimals<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"rmsPrecision\">\r\n <option>2<\/option>\r\n <option>3<\/option>\r\n <option selected>4<\/option>\r\n <option>5<\/option>\r\n <option>6<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Waveform\">\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"rmsSine\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Sine (CF=\u221a2)<\/button>\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"rmsCustom\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Custom CF<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\" id=\"rmsCrestRow\" hidden>\r\n <label for=\"rmsCrest\">Crest Factor<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"rmsCrest\" placeholder=\"e.g., 1.4142\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"error\" id=\"rmsError\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"result\">\r\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"vppFromRms\" readonly placeholder=\"Vpp result\" \/>\r\n <button class=\"copy\" data-copy=\"vppFromRms\" title=\"Copy result\">Copy<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Equation<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">\r\n For a sine wave: <code>Vpp = 2\u221a2 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>. For a waveform with crest factor CF (<code>CF = Vp\/Vrms<\/code>): <code>Vpp = 2 \u00b7 CF \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n \r\n <div class=\"card\" id=\"vppCard\">\r\n <h2>Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak \u2192 RMS<\/h2>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">Enter peak\u2011to\u2011peak voltage. Choose unit and precision.<\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"vppValue\">Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"vppValue\" placeholder=\"e.g., 5\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"vppUnit\">Unit<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"vppUnit\">\r\n <option value=\"V\">V<\/option>\r\n <option value=\"mV\">mV<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"row\">\r\n <label for=\"vppPrecision\">Decimals<\/label>\r\n <select id=\"vppPrecision\">\r\n <option>2<\/option>\r\n <option>3<\/option>\r\n <option selected>4<\/option>\r\n <option>5<\/option>\r\n <option>6<\/option>\r\n <\/select>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Waveform\">\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"vppSine\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Sine (CF=\u221a2)<\/button>\r\n <button type=\"button\" id=\"vppCustom\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Custom CF<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"row\" id=\"vppCrestRow\" hidden>\r\n <label for=\"vppCrest\">Crest Factor<\/label>\r\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"vppCrest\" placeholder=\"e.g., 1.4142\" min=\"0\" step=\"any\" \/>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"error\" id=\"vppError\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n <div class=\"result\">\r\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"rmsFromVpp\" readonly placeholder=\"RMS result\" \/>\r\n <button class=\"copy\" data-copy=\"rmsFromVpp\" title=\"Copy result\">Copy<\/button>\r\n <\/div>\r\n\r\n <details>\r\n <summary>Equation<\/summary>\r\n <div class=\"hint\">\r\n For a sine wave: <code>Vrms = Vpp \/ (2\u221a2)<\/code>. For a waveform with crest factor CF: <code>Vrms = Vpp \/ (2 \u00b7 CF)<\/code>.\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/details>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <section class=\"about\">\r\n <div class=\"card\">\r\n <h2>About RMS and Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak<\/h2>\r\n <p><strong>RMS (root\u2011mean\u2011square)<\/strong> voltage is the DC\u2011equivalent value of an AC waveform in terms of delivered power to a resistive load. For a pure sine wave, <code>Vrms = Vp\/\u221a2<\/code>, where <code>Vp<\/code> is the peak amplitude.<\/p>\r\n <p><strong>Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak (Vpp)<\/strong> is the voltage difference between the most positive and most negative points of the waveform. For a sine wave, <code>Vpp = 2 \u00b7 Vp<\/code>.<\/p>\r\n <p>The link between RMS and Vpp depends on the <strong>crest factor<\/strong> (<code>CF = Vp\/Vrms<\/code>). A sine wave has <code>CF = \u221a2 \u2248 1.4142<\/code>, yielding <code>Vpp = 2\u221a2 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code> and <code>Vrms = Vpp\/(2\u221a2)<\/code>. Non\u2011sinusoidal waveforms (e.g., square, triangle, pulses) have different CF values; use the custom crest\u2011factor option when needed.<\/p>\r\n <ul>\r\n <li>Square wave (50% duty): <code>CF = 1<\/code> \u21d2 <code>Vpp = 2 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>.<\/li>\r\n <li>Triangle wave: <code>CF = \u221a3 \u2248 1.732<\/code> \u21d2 <code>Vpp = 2\u221a3 \u00b7 Vrms<\/code>.<\/li>\r\n <li>Pulse trains can have much larger CF depending on duty cycle.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n <p class=\"hint\">Note: Negative entries are not meaningful for RMS or Vpp. Units are handled automatically (V or mV).<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/section>\r\n\r\n <footer>Built for engineering calculations \u2022 No external libraries \u2022 Paste into a WordPress <em>Custom HTML<\/em> block<\/footer>\r\n <\/main>\r\n\r\n <script>\r\n (function(){\r\n const $ = (id) => document.getElementById(id);\r\n const setAria = (a, b) => { a.setAttribute('aria-pressed', 'true'); b.setAttribute('aria-pressed', 'false'); };\r\n\r\n const RMS_DEFAULT_CF = Math.SQRT2; \/\/ ~1.41421356237\r\n\r\n function unitToScale(unit){ return unit === 'mV' ? 1e-3 : 1; }\r\n\r\n function formatNumber(x, decimals){\r\n if (!isFinite(x)) return '';\r\n \/\/ Keep a clean string without trailing zeros if possible\r\n const s = x.toFixed(parseInt(decimals,10));\r\n \/\/ Trim trailing zeros while keeping at least 2 decimals readability\r\n return s.replace(\/\\.0+$\/, '').replace(\/(\\.\\d*?)0+$\/, '$1');\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/\/ RMS \u2192 Vpp elements\r\n const rmsValue = $('rmsValue');\r\n const rmsUnit = $('rmsUnit');\r\n const rmsPrecision = $('rmsPrecision');\r\n const rmsSineBtn = $('rmsSine');\r\n const rmsCustomBtn = $('rmsCustom');\r\n const rmsCrestRow = $('rmsCrestRow');\r\n const rmsCrest = $('rmsCrest');\r\n const rmsError = $('rmsError');\r\n const vppFromRms = $('vppFromRms');\r\n\r\n \/\/ Vpp \u2192 RMS elements\r\n const vppValue = $('vppValue');\r\n const vppUnit = $('vppUnit');\r\n const vppPrecision = $('vppPrecision');\r\n const vppSineBtn = $('vppSine');\r\n const vppCustomBtn = $('vppCustom');\r\n const vppCrestRow = $('vppCrestRow');\r\n const vppCrest = $('vppCrest');\r\n const vppError = $('vppError');\r\n const rmsFromVpp = $('rmsFromVpp');\r\n\r\n \/\/ Toggle behaviors\r\n rmsSineBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(rmsSineBtn, rmsCustomBtn); rmsCrestRow.hidden = true; computeRmsToVpp(); });\r\n rmsCustomBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(rmsCustomBtn, rmsSineBtn); rmsCrestRow.hidden = false; computeRmsToVpp(); });\r\n\r\n vppSineBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(vppSineBtn, vppCustomBtn); vppCrestRow.hidden = true; computeVppToRms(); });\r\n vppCustomBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { setAria(vppCustomBtn, vppSineBtn); vppCrestRow.hidden = false; computeVppToRms(); });\r\n\r\n \/\/ Copy buttons\r\n document.body.addEventListener('click', (e) => {\r\n const btn = e.target.closest('button.copy');\r\n if (!btn) return;\r\n const target = $(btn.dataset.copy);\r\n if (!target) return;\r\n target.select();\r\n target.setSelectionRange(0, target.value.length);\r\n document.execCommand('copy');\r\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\r\n setTimeout(() => btn.textContent = 'Copy', 1200);\r\n });\r\n\r\n \/\/ Compute functions\r\n function getCF(isSine, crestInput){\r\n if (isSine) return RMS_DEFAULT_CF;\r\n const cf = parseFloat(crestInput.value);\r\n if (!isFinite(cf) || cf <= 0) return NaN;\r\n return cf;\r\n }\r\n\r\n function computeRmsToVpp(){\r\n const val = parseFloat(rmsValue.value);\r\n const scale = unitToScale(rmsUnit.value);\r\n const decimals = rmsPrecision.value;\r\n const isSine = rmsSineBtn.getAttribute('aria-pressed') === 'true';\r\n const cf = getCF(isSine, rmsCrest);\r\n\r\n rmsError.textContent = '';\r\n vppFromRms.value = '';\r\n\r\n if (!isFinite(val)) return; \/\/ allow empty\r\n if (val < 0) { rmsError.textContent = 'RMS voltage cannot be negative.'; return; }\r\n if (!isSine && !isFinite(cf)) { rmsError.textContent = 'Enter a valid crest factor (> 0).'; return; }\r\n\r\n const Vrms = val * scale; \/\/ to volts\r\n const Vpp = 2 * (isSine ? RMS_DEFAULT_CF : cf) * Vrms;\r\n\r\n \/\/ Display result in the same unit as input by default\r\n const outScale = unitToScale(rmsUnit.value);\r\n const out = Vpp \/ outScale;\r\n vppFromRms.value = formatNumber(out, decimals) + ' ' + rmsUnit.value;\r\n }\r\n\r\n function computeVppToRms(){\r\n const val = parseFloat(vppValue.value);\r\n const scale = unitToScale(vppUnit.value);\r\n const decimals = vppPrecision.value;\r\n const isSine = vppSineBtn.getAttribute('aria-pressed') === 'true';\r\n const cf = getCF(isSine, vppCrest);\r\n\r\n vppError.textContent = '';\r\n rmsFromVpp.value = '';\r\n\r\n if (!isFinite(val)) return; \/\/ allow empty\r\n if (val < 0) { vppError.textContent = 'Peak\u2011to\u2011peak cannot be negative.'; return; }\r\n if (!isSine && !isFinite(cf)) { vppError.textContent = 'Enter a valid crest factor (> 0).'; return; }\r\n\r\n const Vpp = val * scale; \/\/ to volts\r\n const Vrms = Vpp \/ (2 * (isSine ? RMS_DEFAULT_CF : cf));\r\n\r\n const outScale = unitToScale(vppUnit.value);\r\n const out = Vrms \/ outScale;\r\n rmsFromVpp.value = formatNumber(out, decimals) + ' ' + vppUnit.value;\r\n }\r\n\r\n \/\/ Wire inputs\r\n [rmsValue, rmsUnit, rmsPrecision, rmsCrest].forEach(el => el.addEventListener('input', computeRmsToVpp));\r\n [vppValue, vppUnit, vppPrecision, vppCrest].forEach(el => el.addEventListener('input', computeVppToRms));\r\n\r\n \/\/ Initialize\r\n computeRmsToVpp();\r\n computeVppToRms();\r\n })();\r\n <\/script>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator RMS \u2194 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Voltage Calculator For sinusoidal signals by default. Optionally set a custom crest factor for other waveforms. RMS \u2192 Peak\u2011to\u2011Peak Enter RMS voltage. Choose unit and precision. RMS Voltage Unit VmV Decimals 23456 Sine (CF=\u221a2) Custom CF Crest Factor Copy Equation For a sine wave: Vpp = 2\u221a2 […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2222","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2222\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nartsan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}