RMS ↔ Peak‑to‑Peak Voltage Calculator
For sinusoidal signals by default. Optionally set a custom crest factor for other waveforms.
RMS → Peak‑to‑Peak
Enter RMS voltage. Choose unit and precision.
Equation
For a sine wave:
Vpp = 2√2 · Vrms. For a waveform with crest factor CF (CF = Vp/Vrms): Vpp = 2 · CF · Vrms.
Peak‑to‑Peak → RMS
Enter peak‑to‑peak voltage. Choose unit and precision.
Equation
For a sine wave:
Vrms = Vpp / (2√2). For a waveform with crest factor CF: Vrms = Vpp / (2 · CF).
About RMS and Peak‑to‑Peak
RMS (root‑mean‑square) voltage is the DC‑equivalent value of an AC waveform in terms of delivered power to a resistive load. For a pure sine wave, Vrms = Vp/√2, where Vp is the peak amplitude.
Peak‑to‑Peak (Vpp) is the voltage difference between the most positive and most negative points of the waveform. For a sine wave, Vpp = 2 · Vp.
The link between RMS and Vpp depends on the crest factor (CF = Vp/Vrms). A sine wave has CF = √2 ≈ 1.4142, yielding Vpp = 2√2 · Vrms and Vrms = Vpp/(2√2). Non‑sinusoidal waveforms (e.g., square, triangle, pulses) have different CF values; use the custom crest‑factor option when needed.
- Square wave (50% duty):
CF = 1⇒Vpp = 2 · Vrms. - Triangle wave:
CF = √3 ≈ 1.732⇒Vpp = 2√3 · Vrms. - Pulse trains can have much larger CF depending on duty cycle.
Note: Negative entries are not meaningful for RMS or Vpp. Units are handled automatically (V or mV).
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